Tuesday, August 18, 2009

HOW TO - Grow your own oil



The best way to learn how to make your own backyard biodiesel is to start with a one-liter batch. It's easy to make a small batch that will work in any diesel engine. You won't need any special equipment--an old juice bottle will serve as the "reactor" vessel--and on such a small scale, you can quickly refine your technique and perform further experiments.

BLACK GOLD



The one energy related issue I have not previously discussed is petroleum, gasoline, oil, black gold. Whatever you want to call it, it is the the main source of the problems we face today. Our economy is driven by oil (no pun intended). As reserves dwindle, we find ourselves on a slippery slope. Do we look the other way? Do we put time and resources into research? I have discussed the possible alternative energy sources. Now it's time to hit the crux of the matter.As with the other fossil fuels, it is good to discuss the origins of oil. There are several conditions that need to be perfect or nearly perfect for oil to form:1. Basins at the edges of the oceans must have a high concentration of organic material (5% or over) in their sedimentary rock. These conditions are extremely rare. If it weren't, there would be a lot more oil than there is currently.2. The sediments have to be withing the oil window, 7500-15000ft. At 7500ft, the temperature causes large organic molecules to break down. Molecules with 5-20 carbon atoms are liquid at room temperature and pressure. Any less than 5 and the molecule is a gas at room temp and pressure.3. Organic rick sediment buried below 15000ft will be "dry" natural gas, not oil.4. About 90% of the oil finds its way to the surface via oil seeps. Only 10% gets trapped underground.5. Porous rocks such as sandstone, limestone (CaCO3), and dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) must be present to serve as reservoirs.6. The pores in the host rock must be connected to each other, allowing for oil flow (permeability). The larger the pores in the rock, the more permeable it is. That being said, the permeability is the square of the grain size. Increasing the grain by 2 increases permeability by 4. And so on.7. There must be a layer of rock above the oil reservoir that is relatively leak-proof. A few examples of such cap-stone rock types are fine-grained mudstone, halite (NaCl), and anhydrite (CaSO4).Without even one of these factors, there will be no oil. The Middle East is prime oil country as the conditions there are just near perfect. As it stands, Saudi Arabia is the largest producer of oil in the world (7.7 million barrels/day with only 1600 working wells). The next largest produces are Russia (7.4 mil barrels/day, 41000 wells) and the United States (5.8 mil barrels/day, 521,000 wells).

Three Types of Fossil Fuels Petroleum Coal Natural gas



three main types that are widely utilized for energy production are: PetrPetroleum: petroleum or also called crude oil form mainly from marine vegetation and bacteria that lived in the saltwater environment like the oceans, millions years ago. This types of fossil fuel encompasses multiple types of hydrocarbon which are compounds consisting primarily of hydrogen and carbon are often found in the same locations as natural gas, each of which can be extracted for energy production. Petroleum also can be used in the production of plastic and medications among many other products.
Coal: formed from died plants (include plants, moss, and ferns) which lived in swamps, bogs and environment near shorelines
million years ago. Covered with sediment and pressed deep down in earth over time, those plants are affected by mounting heat and pressure. Under such of condition these organic matter becomes richer in carbon and hydrogen and deprived of oxygen. Coal developed in various stages based on its increasing carbon content. The purest form of coal is graphite, which consists almost entirely of carbon. Coal with higher levels of carbons burns cleaner than those with lower levels.
Natural Gas: this type of fossil fuels is commonly used in residential application and has myriads of other application. Natural gas burns cleaner than coal and petroleum. Consisting mostly of methane, natural gas just like petroleum formed mainly from the remains of plankton and other small water organism such algae which lived million years ago, and formed through similar process like petroleum.oleum, coal and natural gas.

What is Biodiesel?And What is Biodiesel Expansion?



Biodiesel is one alternative of energy fuel which come from renewable sources such as vegetable oil or “Jarak Oil”. In the Biodiesel fuel consist of short chain alkyl esters and called mono alkyl esters in science term. Biodiesel expansion is an expansion of many industries to change their fuels from petroleum fuel to non petroleum based diesel fuel.
Beside of the highly priced of the petroleum oil nowadays, People and industries decide to expand their fuels from petroleum to Biodiesel fuel because of the Global warming issue. Now, many people concern with more eco friendly fuels, so they decide to use alternative fuel from renewable sources like biodiesel fuel.

PETROLEUM OIL

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Sunday, August 16, 2009

WHAT IS PETROLEUM ?

Energy Perspectives is a graphical overview of energy history in the United States. The 67 graphs shown in this section reveal sweeping trends related to the Nation’s acquisition and use of energy from 1949 through 2008. Energy can be grouped into three broad categories. First, and by far the largest, are the fossil fuels---coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are nature’s batteries; they have stored the sun’s energy over millennia past, and it is primarily that captured energy that we are drawing on today to fuel the activities of the modern economy. Use of the individual fossil fuels changed at different rates over the decades but all three major forms have been essential to meeting the Nation’s energy requirements. In 1949, fossil fuel consumption in the United States totaled 29 quadrillion British thermal units (Btu); in 2008, the total was 83 quadrillion Btu. A second major form of energy is nuclear power, which is a relative newcomer in the energy business. The nuclear electric power industry got its start in this country in 1957 when the Shippingport, Pennsylvania, nuclear electric power plant came on line. By 2008, the industry had expanded to supply 20 percent of the Nation’s electrical output and 9

Energy Strategy

The energy trading activities are led by Taleveras Petroleum Trading BV, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Taleveras Group. Operating out of London, the company trades Crude and Fuel Oil, Condensates and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as well as refined petroleum products such as Gasoline, Dual Purpose Kerosene, Gasoil, Naphtha, Jet Fuel. Our inherent trading strategy is based upon our commitment to the continued growth and strength of our physical positions in the crude oil and petroleum product markets, with a long-term focus on enhancing our market share to become the leading local partner in West African energy trading. We recognize that our growth has been fertilized by our existing partnerships with major petroleum companies, and we aspire to develop valuable, long-term relationships with leading producers and refiners of crude oil and marketers of petroleum products.For us, diversification of our trading portfolio is vital to balance our product mix and maximize our efficiency and profitability. We invest in strategic assets that complement our existing trading business, and seek to grow our global footprint by expanding our operations into new, robust regions of the world, positioning the firm to take advantage of attractive conditions in the international energy marketplace.Fundamentally, we remain committed to conducting our business firmly upon transparent financial and operating platforms, augmenting our existing reputation as a reliable partner. We strive to operate responsibly with great respect for the natural environmental and the social welfare of the communities of our areas of operation.